PIC Logo
Parents Guide to Assistive Technology
Training Sessions

A Parent’s Guide to Assistive Technology for Learning Disabilities
by
Kathleen H. McClaskey, M.Ed.
EdTech Associates, Inc.
Amherst, New Hampshire

Introduction

The term assistive technology has often been associated with students with physical handicaps. In 1997 when the special education law, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), was reauthorized assistive technology took on a broader definition and should now be considered when developing an educational plan for any student with a disability. The essence of this law is that students with disabilities need to access, participate and progress in the general curriculum. This is a very tall order and we should consider how technology (the hardware, software and online tools) could become a vehicle to make this possible or to improve academic outcomes for students with learning disabilities.

Assistive technology for students with learning disabilities has potential for developing effective learning strategies and study skills that can create a foundation for independent learning. Technology is not a cure for all for the learning difficulties that students with learning disabilities experience. However, when used in conjunction with direct instruction, research has shown that it can make a significant difference in a student’s academic outcomes as well as in his or her self-image and attitude towards learning. Most importantly, it can provide a student an opportunity to be successful in learning and in life.

Assistive Technology: A New Requirement under IDEA of 1997

In the revision of IDEA in 1997, several new requirements were included for school districts. One of the new requirements incorporated a list of “special factors” that each IEP team must consider. Assistive technology is one of those special factors.

Assistive Technology Defined in IDEA of 1997

§ 300.5 Assistive technology device.
As used in this part, Assistive technology device means any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of a child with a disability. (Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1401(1))

§ 300.6 Assistive technology service.
As used in this part, Assistive technology service means any service that directly assists a child with a disability in the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive technology device. The term includes-

(a) The evaluation of the needs of a child with a disability, including a functional evaluation of the child in the child's customary environment;

(b) Purchasing, leasing, or otherwise providing for the acquisition of assistive technology devices by children with disabilities;

(c) Selecting, designing, fitting, customizing, adapting, applying, maintaining, repairing, or replacing assistive technology devices;

(d) Coordinating and using other therapies, interventions, or services with assistive technology devices, such as those associated with existing education and rehabilitation plans and programs;

(e) Training or technical assistance for a child with a disability or, if appropriate, that child's family; and

(f) Training or technical assistance for professionals (including individuals providing education or rehabilitation services), employers, or other individuals who provide services to, employ, or are otherwise substantially involved in the major life functions of that child. (Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1401(2))


What Does this Mean?
  1. Your local school district is responsible for providing an assistive technology evaluation for your learning disabled child at no cost to you.

  2. Parents or members of the school’s IEP team can ask for an independent evaluation to determine the need for assistive technology.

  3. Once the IEP team decides that an assistive technology device (including hardware and software) will be used, the IEP team needs to consider the support services a student will need in order to use the assistive technology. These assistive technology services need to be included in the IEP and may include information about who will provide the service and how often services will be provided.

  4. Assistive technology support services can include the training of your child, members of your family and the school personnel on how to use the assistive technology.

  5. The IEP needs to document where, when and for what purpose the assistive technology will be used. Documentation of assistive technology to be provided can be included in: annual goals and objectives, modifications, supplementary aids and services needed to maintain the student in the LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) setting and related services for educational benefit.

The SETT Framework

The SETT (Student, Environment, Task, Technology) framework is considered a starting point in the process. It is recognized as a guideline for performing an initial assessment about a student’s need for assistive technology. The SETT framework was developed by Joy Zabala, a nationally known expert on assistive technology, who outlines the four elements that need to be considered when making informed decisions about assistive technology. The four elements are: the Student, the learning Environments a student experiences in the course of the day, the Tasks that are required for the student to participate in those environments and the Tools that the student needs to address those tasks. This framework is not intended to take the place of a comprehensive assistive technology evaluation that would provide more specific assistive technology recommendations on hardware and software for an individual student with learning disabilities. As a final note, the evaluator should also consider the learner’s type and severity of his or her learning disability, his or her strengths and weaknesses, the academic areas that are impacted by the learning disability and the student’s technology experiences and skills.

Types of Assistive Technologies

The next question arises: “What types of assistive technology are there for students with learning disabilities?” Assistive technology can range from low tech (highlighters, modified paper) to mid tech (tape recorders, handheld spellcheckers) to high tech (laptops, software, PDA). The chart outlines the difficulties students with learning disabilities experience and the types of high tech tools that would be appropriate. (Please note that specific products are not indicated, as there are numerous hardware and software products available).

Area of Difficulty Examples of Appropriate Assistive Technology Tools
Writing and Spelling Portable word processors; word prediction software, speech-to-text software; text to speech software; visual mapping software with diagram and outline mode; word processing application with auto correct, spell-checker, thesaurus, outlining features; online dictionaries and thesaurus; portable reference tools: spell-checker/thesaurus.
Reading Specialized reading software; text-to speech software (readers); e-text and e-books; reading pen; MP3 player.
Math Talking calculator; computer-based on-screen calculator; online calculators; electronic math worksheet software with adaptive input and output provided as needed; online math tools.
Studying and Organizing Electronic organizers; PDA (portable digital assistant); computer-based electronic organizers with adaptive input and output provided as needed; digital voice recorder; visual mapping software with diagram and outline modes, word processing application with outlining and table features.
Note-taking Portable word processors; visual mapping software with diagram and outline modes; word processing application with outlining features, auto summarize and highlighting; laptop with graphic tablet and handwriting recognition software.
Access to the Curriculum OCR software; scanner; electronic texts (e-texts); electronic books (e-books); readers (text-to speech software) for Web resource and documents in RTF (Rich Text Format); software designed specifically for students with learning disabilities.

Kathleen H. McClaskey, M.Ed. is president of EdTech Associates, a company that provides Assistive Technology Consultation, Evaluation and Training service for students with learning disabilities, special education teams and school district. She can be reached at 603.424.4534 or on the web at www.edtech-associates.com. Kathleen will be offering a series of workshops on technology for students with learning disabilities for parents throughout New Hampshire in Spring 2004. The schedule and locations of the workshops can be found on the Parent Information Center website at www.picnh.org.

Web Links for Parents

www.edtech-associates.com:
EdTech Associates offers Assistive Technology Evaluation, Consultation and Training Services for students with learning disabilities, for schools and special education teams and for postsecondary and adults with learning disabilities.

www.wrightslaw.com/statute.htm:
A comprehensive site on IDEA statute and regulations.

www.NHedlaw.com:
A site that provides up to date resources and links on Special Education law and professionals in the NH and Maine area.

www.ldonline.org:
An excellent set of resources and articles on assistive technology and learning disabilities.

www.schwablearning.org:
An excellent resource of articles and information for parents of students with learning differences including a Parent’s Guide to Helping Kids with Learning Differences.

www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/education/at.html:
A resource of articles and websites on assistive technology for students with learning disabilities.

www.fctd.info:
The Family Center for Technology and Disabilities is a resource on assistive technology including an online discussion feature.

www.dyslexia-parent.com:
An extensive resource of information on dyslexia for parents.

www.focusonlearning.org:
From the Coordinating Campaign for Learning Disabilities (CCLD), a source of helpful links to support parents.

www.ncld.org:
The National Center for Learning Disabilities includes current information on children, teens and adults with learning disabilities and up-to-date information on IDEA and NCLB.

Disclaimer: Parent Information Center and EdTech Associates are not responsible for the contents of any linked site or any link contained in a linked site, or any changes or updates to such sites. Parent Information Center and EdTech Associates are providing this information as a convenience, and the inclusion of any company, organization or publication does not imply endorsement of the site by Parent Information Center or EdTech Associates.

This page has had visitors since February 6, 2004
This page was last updated on February 10,2004 by Ted Bergeron
The PIC homepage address is www.parentinformationcenter.org
© 2004, Parent Information Center. All Rights Reserved